rajesh hamal

Management information system (MIS) is a computerized database of financial information organized and programmed in such a way that it produces regular reports on operations for every level of management in a company.  Management Information System produces  the following reports: • Routine/Scheduled Reports Routine periodic reports are produced at scheduled intervals, ranging from hourly quality control reports to reports on monthly absenteeism rates. • Ad-Hoc(Demand) Reports  Managers frequently need special information, which is not included in the routine reports, or they need the same information that is included in the routine reports, but at different times. Such out-of-the routine reports are called ad-hoc reports. They also may include requests for drill down reports, which show a greater level of detail; key-indicator reports, which summarize the performance of critical activities; and comparative reports,which compare performances of different department...

About the India Independence Day and Speech, Quotes, Status and Slogan on Independence Day. India Independence Day is celebrated on 15 August every year. A national holiday is declared all over the India remembering our Nation India's independence from the United Kingdom on 15 August 1947. This great day celebrated as the Independence Day reminds us of all the sacrifices and the hardship, our freedom fighters made to release India from the clutches of British rule. Frankly saying, We all have read our freedom fighters struggle and the sacrifices they made. The great freedom fighters did not even care for their lives and their family in the process. Hundreds of Thousands lost their lives to give us this day, the day of our national independence. This Independence Day let us remember those who sacrificed their lives for the nation. Here below are some India Independence Day Speech, Quotes, Status, Slogan, Poems, Images, SMS, wishes, greetings that you can send to your family an...

The entity-relationship model (or ER model) is a way of graphically representing the logical relationships of entities (or objects) in order to create a database. It uses ER diagram to document the conceptual data model. ER diagram consists of entities, attributes, and relationships and cardinalities.  • Entity: An entity can be a real-world object, either animate or inanimate, that can be easily identifiable. For example, in a school database, students, teachers, classes, and courses offered can be considered as entities. All these entities have some attributes or properties that give them their identity. • Attributes Entities are represented by means of their properties, called attributes. All attributes have values. For example, a student entity may have name, class, and age as attributes. • Relationship The association among entities is called a relationship. For example, an employee ”works at” a department, a student ”enrolls” in a course. Here, ”Works at” and ”Enroll...

Network Topology is the schematic description of a network arrangement, connecting various nodes(sender and receiver) through lines of connection. Some basic types of Network topology are : Bus Topology: • Bus topology is a network type in where every computer and network device is connected to single cable. • It transmits data only in one direction. • Every device is connected to a single cable • It is cost effective. • Cable required is least compared to other network topology. • It is used in small networks. • It is easy to understand. • It is easy to expand joining two cables together. • Cables fails then whole network fails. • If network traffic is heavy or nodes are more the performance of the network decreases. • Cable has a limited length. • It is slower than the ring topology. Bus Topology Ring Topology:  • It is called ring topology because it forms a ring as each computer is connected to another computer, with the last one connected to the first. Ex...

Computer Network A computer network is a group of computer systems and other computing hardware devices that are linked together through communication channels to facilitate communication and resource-sharing among a wide range of users.  Advantages of Network: • Facilitate communication via email, video conferencing, instant messaging, etc.  • Enable multiple users to share a single hardware device like a printer or scanner.  • Enable file sharing across the network. • Allow for the sharing of software or operating programs on remote systems. • Make information easier to access and maintain among network users. Disadvantages of Network: • Data and information maybe stolen by computer hackers.  • If any computer in the network get affected by the virus, there is high chance of spreading computer virus.  • Computers on the network have to depend on the server. Communication Media/Channel: Communication media refers to the means of...

Software is a general term for the various kinds of programs used to operate computers and related devices.Software can be thought of as the variable part of a computer and hardware the invariable part. Software is a collection of data or instructions that tells the computer how to work. In contrast to hardware which is physical component, from which the system is built and actually performs the work. What is Software and Software Crisis? Types of Software: Software can be generally divided into two categories :  i. System Software  ii. Application Software System Software:     The class of programs that control and support the computer system and its information processing activities.  • It facilitates the programming, testing, and debugging of computer programs . • It is usually independent of any specific type of application. • It supports application software by directing the basic functions of the computer.  System Software...

Software is a general term for the various kinds of programs used to operate computers and related devices.Software can be thought of as the variable part of a computer and hardware the invariable part. Software is a collection of data or instructions that tells the computer how to work. In contrast to hardware which is physical component, from which the system is built and actually performs the work. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs and data. Computer hardware and software require each other. They are interrelated among each other  and neither can be realistically used on its own. Software is often divided into application software (programs that do work users are directly interested in) and system software (which includes operating systems and any program that supports application software). The term middleware is sometimes used to describe programming that mediates between application an...

An output device is an electromechanical, which accepts data from a computer and translates them into a form which is suitable for use by the outside world. Monitor, printer, plotter, speaker and scanner are some of the examples of output devices. These output devices convert the input data into the internal codes used by the computer and also converts internal codes into human readable form while supplying the output. They are connected to the computer system through I/O ports. Output devices generate a computer output:  • Soft-copy: output: it cannot be touched but is easily editable. Output displayed on a terminal screen is soft-copy output.  • Hard-copy: A hard-copy can be touched but is not easily editable. Output generated by printer is hard-copy output.  Some of the Output Devices are: 1.  Monitor: Computer monitors are similar to television screen. Virtually everything in a monitor is electronically controlled. The absence of mechani...

An input device is a peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or information appliance. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners, digital cameras and joysticks. Input technologies can be broadly classified into : Human Data-Entry Devices Source Data Automation 1. Human Data-Entry Devices It allows people to communicate with the computer.  • Keyboards:    Most common input device (for text and numerical data).  • Mouse:   Handheld device used to point cursor at point on screen, such as an icon; user clicks button on mouse instructing computer to take some action.  • Optical mouse:   Mouse is not connected to computer by a cable; mouse uses camera chip to take images of surface it passes over, comparing successive images to determine its position.  • Trackball:   User rotates a ball...